Exceptions to majority rule
Students pledging to the flag with the Bellamy salute, March
1941
― U.S. Supreme Court Justice Robert Jackson, in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 1943, striking down a requirement that school children salute the flag.
One of the things that the flag stands for, the Court said that day, was the right not to salute it.
— Ira Glasser, 1991. The Supreme Court decision was made in the middle of World War II.
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Iwo Jima Flag Raising, Joe Rosenthal, 2/23/45, ©1945 Associated Press
World Trade Center Flag Raising, Thomas E. Franklin, 9/11/01, ©2001 The Record (Bergen County, NJ)
Two patriotic moments. Voluntary, spontaneous, not routine.